Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow are capable of differentiating into cardiomyocytes. However the characteristics of the stem cells are poorly understood, and how the progeny of multipotent cells adopt one fate among several possible fates remains a fundamental question. A hierarchical model has been proposed on the in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells in culture consisted of a mixture of at least three types of cells, i.e., cardiac myoblasts, cardiac progenitors and multipotent stem cells, and suggest that commitment of a single-cell-derived stem cell toward a cardiac lineage is stochastic by a follow-up study of individual cells. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing a well-known master transcription factors, i.e., Csx/Nkx2.5 and GATA4, undergo the cardiomyogenic fate as unavoidable and behave like transient amplifying cells. The hierarchical model applies in the case of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells.
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